Electricity crisis: Alive in Nepal

This topic may seem irrelevant to the readers here in United States. Nepal is the second richest country in water resource but we still have problems with hydroelectricity. Everyday electric current goes off for hours and people are compelled to live in the darkness.

Unable to form and established new hydroelectricity projects is the main reasons why Nepalese are still deprived to full electric facilities. Establishment of complex structure like hydroelectricity project is not a joke. It takes time, manpower and finance. The old project have been built irresponsibly and they are out of order in very short period of time. This is the reason why Nepal is stucked in electricity crisis. Secretary for hydropower in Nepal, Dr. Kishor Babu Arayal says that this load shedding hasn't arrived all of a sudden. This situation must be calculated from Arun and Marshyngdi rivers.

The main causes for this crisis is policy. The policies determined by hydroelectricity development project were canceled by other laws and regulation, there were no unity. The directive of making the policy tax-free was cancelled. 13 percent tax was imposed on the project construction. (www.eKantipur.com).

This situation has been created due to conflict and unstable political situation in the country. There's no unity in the national policy. Multi dynamic donors only look at the government. Government is supposed to fulfill all their terms and conditions. The main problem is that we only consider donor as a source. But in some situations, even government fails to abide all the terms and conditions of the donor. Along with the political instability, even policies kept on changing. There's a need of policy and mutual unity. Government is itself penniless; in this situation the terms of donor get the upper hand. There should be proper cooperation between government and the political parties; otherwise the project cannot be constructed. The conflict in the nation really degraded the willpower in the countrymen.

In every step in this sector, the permission of the finance ministry is required. The projects constructed only fulfilled seasonal energy necessities, they could not get continued. The role of government wasn't impressionable. Many of the projects got clogged due to India's lower level yields. Even private sector couldn't cope with the energy requirement. The only solution for the problem of hydro energy crisis is the unity among the parties and the government.

Government gradually came to know about the expenses in building projects. Some fabulous policies were made for the participation of the private sector but they weren't implemented. Some disastrous economic laws were introduced that cancelled all the formulated plans and policies. Industrialists were highly discouraged.

Proper help should be provided to the private sectors from the government to come up with some great hydroelectric projects. Government blame on the private sectors for just occupying the license and staying ideal. But if these sectors weren't active, all these new projects wouldn't have been identified. Private sector cannot come out without profit. The government should guarantee the profit. Small projects should be tax free so as to encourage more private involvement. Imposing tax before construction will mislead the investors.

The energy crisis is leading to various problem sometimes even serious ones. People are living without lights. The light goes of for about eight hours daily. People are having miserable life. Business is getting worst due to lack of electricity. Industries are about to get economically collapsed. Country is experiencing a nightmare. The situation of education is getting even more worse because student are not getting proper environment to study. They just cannot study in the dark. This darkness is leading their future to even in the more darker way.

This energy crisis has occurred not because there is limited sources but because there is limited resources to utilize it. We do not have efficient manpower and even economic hinder is a great challenge. Weak economic condition of the government leads to the inability of importing manpower and equipments form the foreign countries. Despite the enormous sources of hydroelectricity, Nepalese are facing serious electricity crisis. This may sound funny but it is more complex and serious than it really seems.

No one is being able to figure it out how the load shedding helps. Is it just a way to provide Nepalese with some extra hours to have sex? Or is it really a way trying to preserve hydroelectricity.

The problem so load shedding is not new. We are not just aware of the fact prevention is better than care. Trying to solve the problem after when it becomes a major problem makes the problem more complicated in complex. The suggestion to use the electricity economically is not bad. But the way the suggestion is being forwarded is just not fare then it just seems to have come to cover all the mistakes and weakness of the government. The suggestion should have been given at the time when there was more than enough electricity in the nation. At least the consumers would have been aware and habit of utilizing electricity economically would have been developed. But not now. Now the consumer just wan to get rid of this miserable situation.

Now, returning back to the pages of history is useless. We don't have any other options left beside learning from past mistakes and weakness. We are supposed to find some hope among a lot of despair. On the one hand, we should focus on the construction of large scale hydro projects whereas on the other hand small scale hydro projects should also be constructed.

In today's context, the problem of hydro electricity crisis in the country so rich in water resources really sounds weird. The load shedding should be reduced to a limit and some new projects are supposed to be developed which can produce electricity for a long period of time. This will helps consumers to enjoy the electricity and now they will be instinctively aware of using electricity economically.

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The Benefits of Education

Education is as important as the air we breathe. It is the most important possession a person must have. Education is beneficial in many aspect of life especially, personal and social it is the only possession that cannot be taken away from you. Education is important because it will open up the windows of opportunities. In this competitive world having a good education is as important as the air we breathe because it is our weapon to conquer the world.

Education will help you grow as an individual because the more knowledge you have the better understanding you will have in any given problem that will come your way. It will give you self satisfaction and will boost your self confidence. As an individual I know it will help me in a lot of aspects in my life. It will give me a financial stability because I will be able to land a good job and a high paying salary. I will learn how to spend my money and will learn how to invest it wisely. The more education I have the more respect and acknowledgement I will get from people. Knowledge is really important that is why we need to take it seriously. It is the strong weapon you can have to conquer this complex world. If you have a good education nobody can fool you and you will not tolerate any mistreatment from people. It will give you a better views in life if you are well educated.

In the social aspect of my life education will give me a better understanding on how to communicate to people effectively. I will understand what is happening around me. For example voting, I will have enough knowledge to carefully choose the candidate I will vote for. I will know what to consider in choosing the right candidate to serve and protect our country. I will be able to understand the social issues that our country is facing and will be capable to help in my own little way. However, it is apparent in this competitive world that most of the successful person have the proper education especially the higher position in society they have proved that education will give you the edge in life.

Education is very important especially in today’s society. It gives you the windows of opportunities and to pursue your dream. It will not only make you a better person but it will also give you a better life. I believe that education should be taken seriously because it is our only weapon to conquer the world. World will be a better place if people are well educated.

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E-Commerce :: Electronic Commerce

E-commerce is defined as commerce that is transacted electronically, as over the internet. Most people think of E-commerce as buying things on the web. In reality, it is much more than that. It does include purchases from such places as Amazon or Borders for you books, to an array of sporting goods stores for your outdoor activities. It also includes services, such as banking. There is business to consumer (B2C) transactions that most of us use today. Another form is consumer to consumer (C2C), which included the popular auction sites. There is also business to business (B2B) commerce done on the internet. They are all forms of E-commerce

In 1968 E-commerce got its start through an electronic data interface which allowed companies the ability to complete transactions with each other. It wasn't until 1984 that a standard called ASC X12 was introduced to make sure both companies had the same transaction capabilities to allow them to interact reliably and quickly.

In 1992, Netscape introduced an internet browser that allowed for point and click capabilities. This was the beginning of the internet shopping craze. This was the first time that ordinary people could get on the internet and navigate fairly easily. Up until this point, it was mainly reserved for computer programmers.

In 1995, the two most recognizable E-commerce companies today were introduced. Both Amazon.com and eBay.com came onto the scene. They have survived the tremendous swings in the business and are going strong and getting larger by the day. I am able to buy books and music from Amazon. Most of the books are used for the classes. On eBay, I am able to buy and sell goods. I can find many products that I wouldn't be able to find locally and purchase, have them shipped, and pay for them through a third party, all without ever leaving my home. I am also able to sell goods that I no longer need or cannot use. I often will sell tickets on eBay to people from all over the Northeast and sometimes throughout the U.S. There is also Priceline.com, the reverse auction site for travelers. Instead of the consumer bidding on a trip, the consumer enters the price they want to pay and companies can accept the offer in exchange for the accommodations the customer is looking for.

With the explosion of popularity of the internet, many internet companies were major players in the corporate world in a very short time. America Online (AOL) was the first to merge with a long standing company. The merger of AOL and Time Warner allowed the companies to deliver E-commerce to an enormous population of consumers. At the time of the merger, AOL had 24 million customers. This allowed AOL to sell Time Warner products electronically through their service directly to the millions of customers they already had. It was a win-win for both companies AOL had the platform, and Time Warner had the product.

As the popularity of the internet had grown, so had the chances of being attacked by hackers. Many customers lost faith in the E-commerce community. This forced the retailers to introduce means of better protection for them and especially their customers in they wanted to continue in the business.

Demographics have changed over the years of E-commerce. In the Mid-90's it was primarily white males in their 30's. Today, it is more balanced with females and teens joining the community. Since the majority of world wide shoppers are from the U.S., the target audience for E-commerce is English speakers with internet access and a credit card.

We have begun getting an e-business started. The first thing we did was look for companies to host a site and buy a domain name. After looking at several and the ease of use that each offered, we chose GoDaddy.com. The cost was fairly inexpensive and we were able to register the business name as the domain name. Since we are importing goods from South America, the business name is in Spanish. Thus, we also registered the English translation and will have it direct them to the homepage of the Spanish named site. By working with the provider, we are also able to have an email address under the business name. This helps keep personal email separate from business email.

As you design your homepage, you should think about how you want you product or image to appear. Your homepage is your electronic storefront. If consumers don't like what they see or there isn't anything intriguing, they will not stay long enough to find something to purchase. Although we haven't decided on the layout of the site, we have decided to have access for customers to pay by secure http connection that the provider will build into the site for us. We will also be offering the Person to Person payment service, PayPal. The good thing about PayPal is that we won't have the need for additional protection of customer information such as credit card numbers, since that information will all be stored on PayPal's servers. This is going to be a learning experience for us and it will not be a high volume business to start with. Initially there won't be a lot of automation built into the site. We will be doing most of the entry and remove of product from the site. It also may end up being just and information page for customers to see what we offer and call or email for availability. Since each piece of product will be "one off" we won't be able to show everything without having an enormous site. Most likely, we will offer basic images and encourage contact with us to allow us to send other images of similar designs.

We are also using the site as a means to test whether there is a market for the products that we will be importing. The reason for trying the site first is that we won't have a large amount of overhead that a traditional brick and mortar retail location carries. If the site is successful, we may start a small traditional retail location. One of the selling points of the products will be that they are being purchased directly from the artisans and will be considering free trade.

Moving away from our personal business, I wanted to focus on wireless entertainment. More and more cell phone services are offering music, and now video of live events directly to your phone. Disney is offering cell service through two of the brands, Mobile ESPN and Disney Mobile. They have partnered with Sprint to use their nationwide network. Disney has also partnered with Apple to be the first multimedia company to distribute content for the video iPod. E-commerce isn't just for the wired internet and PC anymore.

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An Understanding to Human Resource Management

Staffing, training, compensation and performance management are important HRM functions. How can each of these functions help companies deal with meeting stakeholders’ needs? High-performance work system challenges? Global challenges?

An important aspect of an organization’s business focus and direction towards achieving high levels of competency and competitiveness would depend very much upon their human resource management practices to contribute effectively towards profitability, quality, and other goals in line with the mission and vision of the company.

Staffing, training, compensation and performance management are basically important tools in the human resources practices that shape the organization’s role in satisfying the needs of its stakeholders. Stakeholders of an organization comprise mainly of stockholders who will want to reap on their investments, customers whose wants and desires for high quality products or services are met, employees who want their jobs in the organization to be interesting with reasonable compensation and reward system and lastly, the community who would want the company to contribute and participate in activities and projects relating to the environmental issues. Common rules and procedures of human resource management must be adhered to by the organization which forms basic guidelines on its practices. Teamwork among lower levels of staff and the management should be created and maintained to assist in various angles that would deem necessary in eliminating communication breakdowns and foster better relationship among workers. The management should emphasize on good corporate culture in order to develop employees and create a positive and conducive work environment.

High performance work systems are integrating employees’ talents and skills and technology in order to maximize them together to achieve the desired results. In order for an organization to achieve high competency levels and a competitive advantage through high performance work systems, the organization must first of all, invest in sufficient hands-on training to equip their staff force. In doing so, they would be able to identify the talents of their workforce and the areas of strength to later fit them into suitable roles. The organization must also maintain this through constant improvement process through incorporating technological standards. Continuous improvement in culture must be constantly maintained. As stated by Deming, people need to feel comfortable discussing problems and suggesting solutions.

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Global Warming: A Subject of Concern

Global warming is also known as the green house effect, is a topic that has received much attention, in recent years; yet our Climate change is not a recent problem. Every year, almost 7 billion tons of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by human activity. Global warming is in the earth's upper atmosphere directly caused by human burning of fossil, fuels, industrial, farming, and deforestation. Every year we see natural disasters that are extremely powerful. For example, In April of 2011, the country of Japan was hard hit by an earthquake that took the lives of thousands of people. If we ignore the fact now the result could be catastrophic. As humans, we all have our own opinions, but the problem of global warming should not be debated: it should be solved.

The problem on Global warming has been unsolvable in the last 30 years, but modern day researchers have found various remedies to the problem that we as humans have inflicted on the earth. A phenomenon (otherwise known as 'Climate change of the green house effect') whereby solar radiation that has reflected back of the surface of the earth remains trapped at atmosphere levels, due to the build-up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses, rather than being emitted back into space. The effect of this is a warming of the global atmosphere. People that don't believe in Global warming say that there is no sciencetific proof that earth's temperature is rising. Evidently they never read up on the greenhouse effect. The earth's atmosphere has mix of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide. It means that this mixture is delicate balance that makes the temperature on earth proper for plant and animal life. Global warming is indeed a scan, perpetrated by scientists with vested interests, but in need of crash courses on Geology, logic and philosophy of science. Therefore claiming that global warming is bad, don't really know even know if it really is as bad as they say it is.

When considering Global warming, it is first important to know how recently statistics. Global warming has been caused by the people of the world. Many things have happened as a result. Since the beginning of 20th century, the average surface temperature has increased by 1.1 degree Celsius. Just in the past 40 years. It has risen by a half of a degree. As of now the global sea level is rising three times faster than in the last hundred years when compared to the last three thousand years. This doesn't sound like much right away but any change in temperature causes melting to the polar ice caps. If they continue to melt, the sea level could start to rise dramatically. Furthermore, it is a fact that the average rice in temperature globally is 1.1 degree. The starting fact is that parts of Alaska, Canada, and Northern Russia. They have experienced a rise in temperature by 5 degree Fahrenheit. This means that they are in the Northern hemisphere where there is less water. Less water means less of the new found heat is being taken away be the vast ocean. These gasses are adding up everyday. In 1987 "Carbon Dioxide reached 340 parts per million" and "in the 1999 360 ppm". It is estimated that in 2050 the carbon dioxide count will be 600 ppm.This is at the point in which the global temperature would be "higher than it has ever been and will cause serious problems" unlike the warning sign we are experiencing currently. Clearly the recently statistics demonstrate that global warming has been effected in the world.

We have properly talked about how global warming effect to our earth already. Another thing we should have talked in how to help to reduce the gasses on our earth. Building green homes is important both economical wise and environmental, not only do you help reduce pollution, but making your home energy-efficiently will help you reduce your bill. We can take charge in our own homes to start modifying energy usage. The CFL bulb works the same way as the regular one but making your home energy-efficient energy. This can mean as little as replacing the regular light blub to super-efficient compact fluorescent lights CFLs would be perfect in your house. The most important things in 21 century are home improvement or remodeling. Home improving can mean selecting newer appliances such as air-conditioners, furnaces, water heaters, and refrigerators. Furthermore, after remodeling or replacing the old product to energy-efficient appliances, it is always good idea take care of the huge important for climate as transportation. Transport is responsible for nearly one quarter of greenhouse gas emission world wide, is important but staring 1970 it had increased rapidly worldwide. There are many ways to help reduce the vehicles that are on the road, for every person who drives fuel-efficient cars, car pull, or uses public transportations would be as consider environmental friendlybecause it reduces polluting the atmosphere.

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Human Cloning

Human cloning would be a positive harbinger for mankind, and an excellent opportunity for the advancement of science. In the past century, scientists have been assiduous workers in making numerous achievements, discoveries, and inventions, giving us the knowledge we have acquired about ourselves and about the world around us. For years, scientists have studied and made tremendous progress in cloning. Experts say that if cloning research was legal we could find better treatments, and perhaps even cures for many terrible diseases that so many of us suffer and die from each year. For example, AIDS. This is a well-known illness that damages the human immune system. There are treatments available, but statistics show that three million people die from AIDS each year, and yet so far, no one has been able to find a cure. With cloning, scientists could copy and create more white blood cells to fight off and kill the deadly virus. This would save millions of innocent lives. It would also help in making new medical discoveries and expand our knowledge. With new advancements, we could continue to explore, research, and learn- just as we have been doing for several years.

Clones would be the best organ donors. Imagine your mother suddenly gets cancer in her kidneys and she needs to have a transplant. Assuming you love your mother and would do anything for her, you decide to be her donor. Then after the operation, her body rejects the new, foreign organ, and the kidney fails. The doctor says that the only way she would survive would be to find a kidney with the same type of tissue as her original, healthy tissue. The solution to your mother's problem and the answer to your prayers would be cloning. Because a clone is an exact copy, she would have no worries about her body accepting the organ or not. This would be the only way to save her. But there is just one problem, cloning humans is not legal. What is going to happen to your mother"

Infertile couples could have biologically related children. For years, couples everywhere have been facing problems of infertility, meaning they are unable to reproduce. Many of these unfortunate couples still want children, so they settle for adoption. The problem with that is that the kids are not actually blood related, and this leaves an empty hole in so many people's lives. With cloning, these couples could finally have children with their genes. They would be exact copies of one parent's DNA. Cloning is the perfect solution for making many people incredibly happy, and helping the human race grow.

A handful of wary people say that cloning is unethical and would be deleterious to the human race. They say that there should only be one of each person in this world, because our individuality is what makes each person special and unique. I too believe that our individuality is what makes us special. So what do these people say about identical twins? It is proven that twins have the same genetic information. That would mean that twins are not unique or special individuals. Their minds, personalities, health, and fitness grow and change depending on how they are raised, the things they are exposed to and the activities they become interested in. Expert, James Trefil said, "Clones would be just like twins. The only difference being that the twin is born later." It would be impossible for a clone to grow up to be exactly like his original. He would be brought up differently, have different life experiences, and have relationships entirely unique to that person. Also, as researcher, Wes Carrington says, "A clone and its donor would be very different, they would even have different fingerprints."

Human cloning would be entirely beneficial for science, and the quality of life, in addition to helping the prosperity of the human race. It would save, create, and improve lives all over the world. This would be an amazing accomplishment for scientists and following this major milestone, who knows what we will discover next! Human cloning would help the human race, the world of science, and the age of technology. The government would be blind not to see the benefits and allow human cloning.

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Travel & Tourism

Until recently, the gigantic tourism industry has been doing well, very well. In the year 2001, a recorded 688 million people were traveling internationally. As the tourism industry’s popularity grows, the image of travel and tourism begins to evolve. With a simple click of the button, your entire nine-day itinary to India could be planned, booked and paid for. No long distance calls to New Delhi. No two-hour busy lines on the United Airlines reservation lines. Traveling is as easy as ordering a pizza. At the same time as countries start to evolve and cater to the tourism industry, authenticity is lost. A distinction must be made between what is the tourist and the traveler. The essence of traveling is to experience something completely different from what is at home. Now, tourism is molded into what is familiar to us. It is no longer the culture of a society, rather one of tourism.

When a trip is organized with online tour groups or packages, it produces a view of the country that is for the consumption of the tourist. They display a faзade to foreigners of what they see as attractive or interesting. Tourism has become too much of a service. It is geared towards what the tourist would find familiar or comfortable. It takes away from the true mission of travel. Tour groups and itineraries are structured to offer the most efficiency throughout your travel. But travel in large groups, walking from bus to bus, hotel to hotel provides a very narrow experience of the country. I searched online, to find travel agencies and tour group advertisements for travel in India. On a National Geographic site, called iExplore, I found made-to-order exclusive with gold or silver package deals. The package houses the group at a Hyatt hotel in New Delhi. The site boasts that across the ocean, tourists can enjoy the comforts of HBO and mini-fridges. American channels replace, native television. Coca-cola and Sprite replace Chai tea. The importation of American hotels isn’t the only culture that has snuck in. My mother has traveled through Bombay and Calcutta and commented on the presence of McDonalds’ and KFC in city centers. Chains are known and dependable and offer a taste of home. Unfortunately the countries lose their culture as an affect. An entirely new culture is developed out of the popularity of the tourism industry. Staying at Hyatt’s and eating at KFC only removes them from the original culture. The popularity of the new factories and chain restaurants requires construction and massive consumption of natural resources. In simple places such as Calcutta and Bombay, my mother noticed mass construction of new roads from town to town. The roads will cause serious erosion problems in the future. The bustle and boom of the tourism industry blindly leads the locals to the bright lights of a market economy and instant profit.

If done in a respectful and conservative manner, traveling can create a network of positive relations to nature, culture and people and therefore is an important foundation stone for peace. Traveling can draw the attention of people and governments to values of culture and nature, to necessities for conservation and education programs about other lands, their geographical characteristics and their people. We travel to learn and experience something that is completely different than home. When a trip is organized to include the comforts of home, it hinders oneself from truly experiencing the place. When my mother traveled in India by herself, she felt a sense of discovery. For her, traveling was a chance to step out of her comfort box. As a young woman, eating spicy curries, dodging speeding bicycles, watching Indians bathe in the filthy Ganges River was scary and new. But she commented that such experiences forces us to do something other than what we know. It forces us to change and grow. I also experienced this sense of freedom from an online backpacker website called Travel Times-India. The site recommended that rather than consuming the place and spitting out a production of how we see it, to preserve it as it is. When don’t have familiar places, or get lost, we are given the opportunity to eat in a street stall or take the local bus. This raw and organic experience cannot be found in book or brochure. It isn’t our place to impose our morals and culture, to make it a production of our society. It is important to remember that we are only visitors in the host country and should therefore behave appropriately. Travel is not an opportunity to consume, but rather appreciate and respect.

Human curiosity is insatiable. I firmly believe that the need and want to seek out new places, experience unique environments, and encounter foreign societies is essential to our survival. The earth today, however, is different from what it used to be. Today, the world is no longer a place where getting from one region to another is a long, harsh, and enduring journey. In today’s world, one can travel from one side of the earth to the other in a matter of hours. This ease of mobility, along with the rapidly improving communication technologies and the globalization of the world’s economies, has truly made our world interconnected. Although most will agree that tourism is a mind-broadening experience, few acknowledge that it can also wreak havoc on the natural environment and its inhabitants. Tourism can ruin landscapes, destroy communities, pollute air and water, trivialize cultures, bring about uniformity, and generally contribute to the continuing degradation of life on our planet. But I truly believe that while these conflicts do happen, the point is not to attempt to put a halt to the industry, but to better manage it. The more people who know about and respect unique places and cultures, the less likely destructive habits will continue. The less we consume, the less we produce, the more we can gain from other cultures.

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The Role of Man in Conserving Natural Resources

Every individual has responsibility to use natural resources judiciously. This will give equal opportunity to all to use the resources for the benefit of mankind. One should not be selfish to spend the available resources without thinking of other fellow beings. There is no limit to spend natural resources if available plenty but at the same time one should realize that natural resources are non-renewable sources. The future also depends on such resources. Every individual should think himself or herself as a world think himself or himself as a world citizen. The whole world is a family and all are inter-dependant for a better life. The mother earth has given enough for all to satisfy minimum wants but not enough to utilize. Every individual has a role in the conservation of natural resource like in using water electricity woods, foods etc. water is life and every drop is precious similarly every chemical power saved is like it is produced. Woods should be used so has not to destroy the forest procurement of more food than needed is like putting other starving. Equitable use of resources for sustainable life styles.

Everyone has the right to live in this world. All living creatures belong to mother earth and they all have their shine of resources available. All these resources like land, energy, food, mineral, water, forest etc. have to be distributed in an equitable way for sustainable lifestyles of all creatures. The responsibility lies more on the human population because they have got the thinking power and the wisdom to judge good and had man should realize that he is not alone in this world. There are others to use the available resources. Hence responsibility should be for all human being for an equitable use of natural resources for sustainable use of natural resources for sustainable life styles of all in this mother earth.

Effects Development of Environment:

• The spread of disease via environment
• Man’s activity has impaired protective ozone cover.
• Over the natural resources such as land, water, minerals coal, oil etc. development has undermined the stock of natural resources.
• It has resulted into global warning.
• There has been addition of toxin pollutants to the environment.
• It has caused loss of bio-diversity or genetic erosion.

Need for Conservation:

• Use of natural resources is increasing but the amount of these resources by decreasing.
• Deforestation caused the loss of energy resources.
• Relational and international capacities conserving the resources are not properly organized, must have some common conservation strategy.

Objectives of conservation of natural resources:

• To maintain the essential ecological processes i.e. food chain recycling of mineral resources etc and the life support system – soil, air, water, pond, plants, animals etc.
• To ensure the availability and sustainability of resources which assumes the survival of all species is a healthy and easy manner.
• To preserve the diversity at the specific habitat levels.

Methods of conservation:

• For conservation of water.
• Keeping the water taps closed, when not in use.
• Using less water-consuming toilets.
• Watering the plants to be done in the evening tours.
• Using drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation systems water lawns etc.
• Treating water to be provided for irrigation purpose.
• Water to be used carefully and economically for domestically for domestic and industrial.

Conservation of energy:

• Using alternative source of energy and develops the renewable sources of energy such as solar energy, sea water energy, wind energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy, etc. for our energy requirements.
• Taking care in using fuels: we should exercise great care is using fuels for getting energy. The fossil fuels should be used only when no other alternative source is available to us. The fossil fuel should be conserved as far as possible.
• Avoiding wastage of energy.
• Some methods to avoid wastage:
• We should use the most efficient fuels available.
• Most heating devices like stoves, cloths, etc. should be used conserving soil:
• By addition of fertilizing.
• By green managing.
• By biological nitrogen fixation.
• Together supply of minerals by decomposition and animal excreta.
• Prevention of soil erosion:
• By crop rotation.
• By growing erosion checking crops like grasses, pulses, ground nuts etc.
• By making suitable outlet channels to carry out flood water.
• By dancing afforestation and reforestation to check soil erosion.
• By making tenancies on the slopes to reduce the speed of water for checking soil erosion.

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The Future Fuel for Transportation

Fuel is one of the important resources in our society.   We use the fuels to support our living, produce electricity, heat homes, and operate machinery.   Since the fuel is a limited resource, the fuel scarcity will be a big issue in the future.   The price of the gasoline is currently on the rise.   NASCAR cut the volume of fuel cell from twenty gallons to thirteen gallons each car.   There is a high demand for a new energy.   After the issue of fuel crisis was brought up, the society started to be interested in hydrogen.   Hydrogen is the strongest candidate for the fuel of the future.   Hydrogen can be used for transportation more efficiently, safely, and effectively.   Also they are environmentally friendly.    

Since hydrogen is not a fundamental fuel, using hydrogen as energy source is a difficult subject.   Hydrogen is a magnificent fuel because only water is used to operate the fuel cell, but it is costly to produce and difficult to store.   Two of the methods of producing hydrogen are by reforming natural gas, or electrolysis of water.   Reforming natural gas is a method to produce hydrogen by exposing natural gas to high temperature steam, and convert carbon monoxide with steam to produce additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide.   The production process of electrolysis is to use electric energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gas.   Two of the methods to store hydrogen are compressed gas storage tanks, or liquid hydrogen.   Compressed gas storage tanks are the storage tanks that can hold hydrogen at high pressures.   Compression of hydrogen into liquid hydrogen enables the storage and transportation of larger quantity of hydrogen.

Producing hydrogen requires more energy than burning the hydrogen product.   For reforming natural gas method, it requires 1200 to 1400 Btu, British Thermal Units, of natural gas or electricity to produce 1000 Btu of hydrogen, which is inefficient.   Electrolysis method needs even more energy than reforming natural gas.

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The Role of Computers in Everyday Life

The computer is one of the most brilliant gifts of science. This device was originally developed by Charles Babbage. Most countries have developed fast due to computerization. Writing a program is essential for a computer. Speed, accuracy, reliability, and integrity are the main characteristics of a computer.

Many of the routine activities today at home and in business are done by computers. The computer has proved a friend and servant of science, technology and industry. Most offices, shops, factories and industries use computers. The Internet is a storehouse of information. The computer is a boon to all. Telecommunication and satellite imageries are computer based. Computers have made the world a global village today.

The computer is one of the most brilliant gifts of science. It is an electronic device for storing and analyzing information fed into it, for calculating, or for controlling machinery automatically. Charles Babbage developed this device first in 1812 followed by George Boole in 1854, Howard and Aitten in 1937, Dr. John Nouchly and J. P. Eckert in 1946. These computers were named the first generation equipment. Today, wit the 'Artificial Intelligence' technology, we are using fifth generation computers. Each new generation of computers has been smaller, lighter, speedier and more powerful than the earlier ones. Now note-book sized computers like laptop are fairly common. Computers have been dominating technology since 1970s, and has now entered almost all walks of life.

Writing a program is essential for running a computer. This job is done by a software engineer. A computer program is a complete list of instructions which the computer accepts in order to solve a problem. There are many different languages that can be used to programme a computer. BASIC, COBOL, FOR TRAN, C, C++, JAVA and Visual Basic are some of them.

Speed, accuracy, reliability and integrity are some of the characteristics of a computer. It can execute over a million instructions per second without committing and mistake. It can carry our calculations in just a few minutes that would require days if carried out manually. It helps us in solving many difficult problems of multiple calculations. Computer has a huge memory. It can hold large amount of data. The software technology has seen a spurt of development and firms like Microsoft have established themselves as market leaders, pioneering the IT revolution world over. It has provided us with efficiency and accuracy in our work. Software acts as the medium through which communication and dissemination of information are carried out.

In less than 50 years, computers have influenced practically every field of activity. Many of the routine activities today are being performed by computers. Use of computers has reduced the paperwork. Now most of the work is done directly on the computers. The traffic in large cities is controlled by computers. Automation in banks and railway stations have provided relief to the public and staff alike. Ticketing and reservation have become more efficient and convenient. Various types of games like chess and cards can also be played on computers.

In medical diagnosis, computers are being used to locate and investigate accurately and precisely abnormalities and diseases. Business transactions and high volume of associated data are easily managed by using computers.

Computer is the backbone of information technology whose major application lies in internet. Internet has some very useful applications in our day to day life.

One can get railway and air tickets booked online. This saves one from the trouble of standing in a queue for long hours. One can also apply for a job or admission in a school or a college by filling the application form online. This saves time and energy. One can also see results of any examination on the Internet. Tax returns can also be filed on the Internet. Income Tax form can be downloaded from the Income tax website.

The interconnection of computers worldwide, i.e., the internet, is revolutionizing the concept and the conduct of business. Visual and audio access to offices worldwide through the network has given rise to virtual offices. One can have easy access to information via internet. It is an ocean of knowledge for the students. It is a huge library. The Internet helps the student to study for the examinations. Students pursuing courses through distance education mode can study the subject online. The internet is the fastest and cheapest way to take admission in a foreign institution, collect geographical information of any region, chat with anybody in any corner of the world or search for life partner of one's choice.

The importance of the internet as an all-pervasive medium of the future has been well recognized in India. A very important indicator is the number of businessmen jumping on to internet related business. E-commerce is gaining popularity in India as it allows trade at low costs and offers enterprises a chance to enter the global market at the right time. E-commerce helps in various aspects of the business including identifying the customer, promoting sales and advertising, handling orders, taxes, shipping, payment processing, etc.

The state governments and the central government have put special emphasis on computer education in India. Computer application is also beig extended to legal arena. The Supreme Court of India has become the first court in the country to provide e-filing of cases.

Computerization has created a lot of jobs for DTP operators, Programmers, Hardware an Software professionals. It provides tremendous openings for new kinds of entrepreneurs.

The computer gives us many benefits. They can be used as typewriters. When equipped with telephone modems, with the help of computer we can chat across the world. Teleconferencing and video conferencing are also possible. The internet helps us to keep in touch with family and friends. One can get information about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services. trade fairs, conferences, market information, education, society and politics.

The computer has proved as a friend and servant to science, technology and industry. The computer through Internet expands business opportunities. Computerization has been done in business, banking, electronic publishing, engineering, creative designing, fashion designing, etc. It is used in railways, airlines, defence service, research establishments. postal and communication departments, meteorology, medical science, stock-broking etc. In defence, they help radars, missile and rocket launching. They have opened new avenues of shopping and entertainment.

Telecommunication and satellite imagery are computer based. Computerization can play an important role in rural areas in seed research, crop disease management and software development for rural industries.

The computer also has its negative side. The rise of cyber crime, the use of chat rooms for indecent discussion, certain websites, which deal in pornographic material have been noticed. But the advantages and importance outweigh the disadvantages. Through computerization, the world has become a global village today

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